Three Challenges for the Inter-American System and the Right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consultation

Cristina Blanco*

Article published in the 22nd edition of Aportes.

Versión en español aquí.

In Latin America, few indigenous peoples’ rights have received as much attention as the right to free, prior, and informed consultation and consent (FPIC). In a region with enormous cultural diversity and high levels of social conflict associated with extractive and investment projects, indigenous peoples have used FPIC as a tool to resist the impacts of those projects on their territories. State authorities, the private sector, financial institutions, and other actors have also viewed prior consultation as a key tool for preventing social conflict.

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From the right to prior consultation to self-determination: reflections from the DPLF experience

Daniel Cerqueira*

Article published in the 22nd edition of Aportes.

Versión en español aquí.

An important part of DPLF’s work, through its Human Rights and Natural Resources program, has been to reinforce the inclusion of international standards on free, prior, and informed consultation (FPIC) in the norms, public policies, and case law of Latin American states. We have worked to provide legal support to civil society organizations (CSOs) and indigenous movements that are working to incorporate these standards into the laws and practices of their States. To this end, we have carried out advocacy activities, published case law digests, prepared specialized studies and analyses, monitored judicial proceedings, and filed amicus curiae briefs in emblematic cases.

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Indigenous self-determination and international law

Daniel Cerqueira*

Versión en español aquí.

Ver versões em português.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on indigenous peoples, along with the context of violence and territorial dispossession to their detriment, forces us to think of solutions from the most varied legal and political spheres. On the occasion of the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, celebrated on August 9, this essay summarizes the way in which international law has addressed self-determination, with an emphasis on the need to strengthen its application to indigenous peoples. This is because of the imperative to preserve the existence of such peoples and their cultures, and the need to mitigate the effects of environmental crises of which the exposure to pathogens displaced from their natural habitat – such as SARS-COVID-2 –  is only one manifestation.

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Human Rights, Indigenous Peoples, and the Amazon: Remarks on the thematic report recently published by the IACHR

Cristina Blanco*

Versión en español aquí.

Ver aqui a versão em português.

It has been several decades since the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) began to address the situation of indigenous peoples in the region. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), since the mid-1980s, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, since the beginning of the 2000s, have adjudicated complaints and addressed the historical problems faced by indigenous peoples, especially in claims related to their lands, territories, and natural resources. The decisions of both bodies have created solid standards, especially on the subject of indigenous peoples’ property, with a level of detail that has been incorporated into other international human rights systems.

But never, until now, had the IAHRS looked beyond the state borders that separate these peoples, to adopt a comprehensive view of the biogeographic regions that they share, as is the case of the Pan-Amazon region. Such an approach is key because within this territory they share elements of their history and cosmovisión (worldview), as well as a contemporary reality marked by multiple patterns of rights violations that require joint efforts. The Report on the Situation of Human Rights of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region, which the IACHR presented a few days ago in Quito, Ecuador, is therefore both groundbreaking and timely.

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Celebrating indigenous peoples’ rights beyond prior consultation

Daniel Cerqueira*

Versión en español aquí.

In 1994, the UN General Assembly chose August 9th as the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. This day serves a moment for civil society, states, and the international community to reflect on the challenges in ensuring respect for indigenous peoples’ rights. This essay will focus on the right to free, prior and informed consultation (FPIC), which faces major challenges in its implementation. This right was recognized in constitutions that established a new model for the participation of indigenous peoples in state decisions. In the 80’s and 90’s, various states in the Western Hemisphere began to define themselves as multicultural societies and abandoned the previously dominant integrationist constitutional paradigm. This paradigm was based on two main premises: i) indigenous peoples’ cultures tend to extinguish due to their unsuitability to the economic and social order; and ii) public authorities must mediate the assimilation of indigenous peoples to the rest of society, guaranteeing them minimum economic and social rights.

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IACHR Takes Important Step in the Debate on Extraterritorial Responsibility and States’ Obligations regarding Extractive Companies

By Daniel Cerqueira  

Senior Program Officer at DPLF

Cristina Blanco

Academic and Research Coordinator of IDEHPUCP,

and an external consultant to the IACHR

Versión en español

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On April 6, 2016, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) published a report entitled “Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendent Communities, and Natural Resources: Human Rights Protection in the Context of Extraction, Exploitation, and Development Activities.” The report evaluated the patterns of human rights violations within the context of extractive industries in the Americas, particularly those adversely affecting indigenous peoples and Afro-descendant communities.

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